ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of different feeding patterns on the physical and nutritional status of children aged 6‒12 months， so as to provide reference for promoting scientific feeding and health development of infants and young children. MethodsChildren born between December 2019 and February 2020 and who had completed three follow-up visits at 6‒， 9‒ （8‒10 months） and 12‒ （11‒14 months） months old in all of the 13 communities of Minhang， Shanghai were selected. The subjects’ basic information was investigated by questionnaires. The indicators including feeding pattern， physical development （body weight， body length， head circumference） and nutritional status （the detection rate of overweight， obesity， low body weight， growth retardation， emaciation and iron deficiency anemia） were followed up in the outpatient department， with iron deficiency anemia only monitored at the 6‒ and 12‒ months old. According to different feeding patterns， the groups of 6‒ months old were divided into three groups of exclusive breast feeding （EBF）， mixed feeding （MF） and artificial feeding （AF）， while 9‒ and 12‒ months old were divided into MF and AF groups. The differences of basic information and follow-up results among the groups were analyzed. ResultsA total of 470 children were included， including 130 （27.66%）， 288 （61.28%） and 52 （11.06%） respectively in EBF， MF and AF groups at the 6‒ months old，and 319 （67.87%） and 196 （41.70%） in MF group at the 9‒ and 12‒ months old. There was no significant difference in the other follow-up results among the groups. The detection rate of iron deficiency anemia in 6‒ months old EBF （13.08%） was higher than that in MF group （5.90%） and AF group （1.92%） （χ2=8.40， P=0.010）， while it was still higher in 12‒ months old MF group （9.69%） than in AF group （2.92%） （χ2=9.68， P=0.002）. ConclusionThere is no significant difference in body weight，body length， head circumference， and the detection rates of overweight， obesity， low body weight， growth retardation and emaciation among the groups of different feeding patterns in the children aged 6‒12 months. The detection rate of iron deficiency anemia in the EBF and MF groups is significantly higher than that in the AF groups of children aged 6‒ and 12‒ months old.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze the correlation between parental involvement and the formation of good eye use behavior in children,and to provide theoretical basis for more accurate prevention and control of myopia.@*Methods@#A total of 2 726 children and their parents from 3 primary schools were selected from April to May 2021 by clustering sampling method. Children s ocular parameters, eye use behavior, general characteristics of parents, and parental involvement were collected through ocular measurements and questionnaires, respectively.@*Results@#Parental involvement was associated with family economic, parental education level, and parental myopic status( P <0.05). Children s myopia risk was associated with parental involvement: lower myopia risk was associated with frequent parental involvement in behavioral management of child sleep and child outdoor activities( P <0.01). Parents who always/frequently participate in the management of children s eye behavior have an average daily screen time of <2 h ( OR= 1.95 , 95%CI =1.31-2.90), and daily outdoor activity time>2 h ( OR=0.78, 95%CI =0.65-0.93), daily sleep time >8 h ( OR= 0.52 , 95%CI =0.40-0.68), daily continuous reading and writing time <1 h ( OR=1.33, 95%CI =1.30-1.56), reading and writing The distance from the desktop > 30 cm ( OR=0.57, 95%CI =0.34-0.95) had a statistically significant effect ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#High parental involvement may help school age children develop good eye habits and reduce the risk of childhood myopia. Parental involvement is higher among those who had myopia themselves, and parental involvement is positively associated with total household income and parental literacy.
ABSTRACT
Background:Malnutrition is common in inflammatory bowel disease,especially in Crohn' s disease (CD).Combined partial enteral and parenteral nutrition is effective for nutritional support in patients with severe CD.Aims:To investigate the effect of combined enteral and parenteral nutritional support on body composition and disease activity in severe active CD patients.Methods:A total of 72 patients with severe active CD admitted from July 2015 to August 2016 at Shanghai Tenth People' s Hospital were enrolled.In addition to conventional antibacterial and remission induction therapy,a combined partial enteral and parenteral nutritional support was given after admission.The nutritional status,body composition parameters and disease activity were evaluated and compared on admission and week 1,week 2 and week 3 of hospitalization.Results:The malnutrition rate was 100％ on admission,of which 90.3％ were severe malnutrition.After a 3-week combined enteral and parenteral nutritional support,the proportion of severe malnutrition decreased from 90.3％ to 34.7％ (P ＜0.05).Meanwhile,the body weight,body mass index,muscle mass,fat mass,protein content,and basal metabolic rate gradually increased and the disease activity index gradually decreased (P all ＜ 0.05).Conclusions:Combined enteral and parenteral nutritional support can improve the nutritional status and body composition parameters,reduce disease activity and induce remission effectively in severe active CD patients.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effect of serum of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients with blood stasis syndrome (BSS) on proliferation and cycle of EC9706 cells, and to explore the action of blood micro-environment of ESCC patient with BSS on EC9706 cells. Methods Human EC9706 cells were cultured in an incubator with RPMI-1640 medium containing fetal bovine serum ( FBS) , at 37℃ and under 5% saturated humidity for 24 h. After EC9706 cells were starved in serum-free medium for another 24h, the three experimental groups were treated with serum of ESCC patients with BSS, serum of ESCC patients with spleen-qi deficiency syndrome (SQDS), and serum from healthy volunteers, respectively. Cell proliferation was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT) assay, EC9706 cell morphology was observed under light microscope, and cell cycle was measured by flow cytometer (FCM). Results The serum concentrations of ESCC patients with BSS and ESCC patients with SQDS for obtaining 50 percent cell proliferation rates ( PI50) were 71.1 μL/mL and 118 μL/mL, respectively. And the proliferation of EC9706 cells in the both groups all arrived to the peak values at culturing hour 48. The light microscopy results showed that the feature of EC9706 cells in both groups presented as spindle-like or polygon-like shape, and cell count in BSS group was larger than SQDS group. FCM assay results for EC9706 cell cycle showed that the percentage of G1-phase EC9706 was decreased and the percentage of S-phase EC9706 was increased in BSS group as compared with those in SQDS group ( P<0.05). Conclusion Serum micro -environment in ESCC patients with BSS is more beneficial to EC9706 cells proliferation than ESCC patients with SQDS, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of cell cycle.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To study the protective effects of HIF-1α gene transfection on hypoxic injury in human HepG2 cells. METHODS: After gene transfection, HepG2 cells were randomly divided into 4 groups: normoxia with Ad-GFP transfected group, normoxia with Ad-HIF-1 transfected group, hypoxia with Ad-GFP transfected group and hypoxia with Ad-HIF-1 transfected group. LDH leaking rate, cell viability, contents of NO and ROS, the iNOS activity were measured. RESULTS: High levels of HIF-1α mRNA and protein were detected in Ad-HIF transfected HepG2 cells. Cell viability was significantly lower in Ad-GFP transfected-hypoxia group than that in Ad-GFP transfected-normoxia group (P<0.05). No marked difference of cell viability was found between Ad-HIF transfected-hypoxia group and Ad-HIF transfected-normoxia group. ROS was significantly higher in Ad-GFP transfected-hypoxia group than that in Ad-GFP transfected-normoxia group (P<0.05), while no marked difference was found either between Ad-HIF transfected-hypoxia group and Ad-HIF transfected-normoxia group or between Ad-HIF transfected-hypoxia group and Ad-GFP transfected-hypoxia group. The content of NO and iNOS activity were significantly higher in Ad-HIF transfected-normoxia group and Ad-GFP transfected-hypoxia group than those in Ad-GFP transfected-normoxia group (P<0.05), no marked difference was found either between Ad-HIF transfected-hypoxia group and Ad-GFP transfected-hypoxia group or between Ad-HIF transfected-hypoxia group and Ad-HIF transfected-normoxia group. CONCLUSION: Higher HIF-1α expression is contributed to protective effects against hypoxic injury in HepG2 cells, the mechanisms of which may be correlated with promoting expression of gene regulated by HIF-1 and restraining over-expression of injure factors.
ABSTRACT
Magnesium deficiency is common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM);meanwhile,it may in crease the risk of the occurrence and development of T2DM.Adequate supplementation of magnesium may be helpful for the prevention and treatment of T2DM.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the relationship between trace elements and blood lipids and glucose in Shanghai adults. Methods Totally 245 subjects aged above 18 years from two communities in Shanghai were en-rolled into this study. Blood trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mg, Pb, Mn, and Cd) were examined with atom ab-serption spectrophotometry. Body mass index (BMI), waist hip rate (WHR), and blood pressure (SBP, DBP)were also determined. Results Compared with the normal control group, plasma Fe and Mn levels were signifi-cantly lower while Zn and Zn/Cu levels were significantly higher in hyperlipemia group (P <0.05 or P <0. 01 ) ;plasma Zn, Zn/Cu, and Mn levels were significantly lower while Cu and Pb levels were significantly higher in dia- betes mellitus group (P <0. 05 or P <0. 01 ) . A tendency of lower Mg and higher Cd levels were also found in both disease groups, but there were no statistical significance ( P >0. 05 ). Conclusions The metabolism of trace elements is abnormal in patients with hyperlipemia and diabetes mellitus. Intervention of these trace elements disor-der may be valuable in the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the nutrition statuses of thiamine and riboflavin and their relationship with the antioxidant capacity and blood glucose and lipids levels in the middle-aged and elderly. Methods Totally 314 subjects aged above 40 years old from communities in Shanghai were enrolled. The 3-day survey of 24-hour's diet recall was made to evaluate the daily nutrient intakes using a nutrition assessment software provided by CDC China. Thiamine and riboflavin levels were detected by urine load test. Fasting blood glucose ( FBG), total choles-terol (TC), triglyceride (TG), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) were deter-mined by commercial kits. Results The average daily intakes of thiamine and riboflavin were (0. 82 + 0. 36) and (0. 91 +0.48) rag, respectively. The middle-aged and elderly whose intakes of thiamine and riboflavin reached recommended nutrient intake (RNI) level accounted for 11.8% and 17.2%, while those lower than 60% RNI ac-counted for 51.3% and 49. 4%, respectively. Urine load test showed the deficiency rates of thiamine and ribofla-vin were 65.0% and 58.6%, respectively. Compared with the normal group, plasma MDA, FBG, TC, and TG levels progressively increased and SOD activity decreased in insufficient and deficient groups; the plasma MDA, FBG, and TC levels were significantly different between normal group and thiamine deficient group ( P < 0. 05 ).The FBG and TC levels were negatively correlated with the status of thiamine ( r = - 0. 246, r = - 0. 154, P <0. 05). The MDA and TG levels were negatively correlated with the status of riboflavin ( r = - 0. 136, r =-0. 297, P <0. 05). Conclusions The nutrition statuses of thiamine and riboflavin are poor in the middle-aged and elderly in Shanghai. The nutritional statuses of thiamine and riboflavin are positively correlated with the antioxi- dant capacities and are negatively correlated with the level of FBG, TC, and TG.
ABSTRACT
The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in children has increased over the last decade.Research shows that the microelements including zinc,copper,iron,chromium,and selenium are relevant with the development of childhood MS.This article summarizes the recent advances in the relationship between microele-ments and MS.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the inhibitory effect on ?-glucosidase of 10 kinds Chinese herbs and to screen the Chinese herbal medicines which have great inhibitory effect on ?-glycosidase.Methods:The ?-glucosidase was extracted from small intestine of rat.The amount of glucose was measured with produced from substrate of malt sugar.The inhibitory effect of 10 kinds of Chinese herbs on ?-glucosidase was observed by this enzyme reaction system.Then disposable gastric perfused malt sugar(2 g/kg) and the extraction screened at the same time,detected the levels of blood glucose after 60 min.The positive control group is acarbose(ACAR) group.Results:The three kinds Chinese herbs(Chishao,Shanzhuyu and Sangbaipi) showed very good inhibitory activities,and they showed obviously concentration-effect curve relationship.Among them,the inhibitary activity of Sangbaipi is stronger than Chishao and Shanzhuyu.While the dose of Sangbaipi reached 10mg/mL,the inhibition rate arrived 80%,which effect was equivalet to the dose of 1mg/ml acarbose.The results of postprandial blood glucose in vitro showed us:Sangbaipi,Chishao and Shanzhuyu can inhibit postprandial blood glucose levels in rats that have been disposable gastric perfused malt sugar after 60min(P0.05).Conclusion:The three kinds of Chinese herbs(Chishao,Shanzhuyu and Sangbaipi) can inhibit ?-glucosidase activity obviously in both vitro and vivo.
ABSTRACT
Aim To observe the improvement of visual-auditory cognitive functions in the human entering high altitude by taking in tea polyphenols.Methods Thirty eight males living at 3 700 m high altitudes for 90 days constantly were randomly divided into two groups: ①group Ⅰ(placebo,40 mg/day); ②group Ⅱ(TP,300 mg/day).Cognitive functions were measured by integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test and the difference between groups was evaluated by the comparisons of post-treatment to pre-treatment.Results Compared with pre-treatment,PruA was significantly higher after taking in TP(P
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the eitect oi Yiqi Fuzhi Granule in improving learning and memory of rats with mul- ti-infarct dementia (MID). Methods MID rat models were established by embolus injection through the common carotid artery. Effects of Yiqi Fuzhi Granule(24. 84 g/kg, 12.42 g/kg, 6.21 g/kg, ig)on rat learning and memory and cerebral structure were observed. Results Yiqi Fuzhi Granule could obviously increase the scores of maze test and protect cerebral tissue from damage of multi-infarction rats. Conclusion Yiqi Fuzhi Granule has good effect in improving intellect and treating dementia.